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Talian (or Brazilian Venetian) is a dialect of the Venetian language, spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is also spoken in other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in parts of Espirito Santo and of Santa Catarina. Despite the similar names, Talian is not derived from standard Italian (actually called ''grammatical Italian'' in Brazil), but is mainly a mix of Venetian dialects influenced by other dialects of Northern Italy as well as local Portuguese. ==History== Italian settlers first began arriving into these regions in a wave of immigration lasting from approximately 1875 to 1914.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sitoveneto.org/talian_patrimonio_de_rio_grando_do_sul.html )〕 These settlers were mainly from Veneto, a region in Northern Italy, where Venetian was spoken, but also from Trentino and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.〔〔 In the south of Brazil these immigrants settled as smallholders in the region of Encosta da Serra. There they created three settlements: Conde D'Eu (now, Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul), Dona Isabel (now Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul), and Campo dos Bugres (now Caxias do Sul). As more people arrived, the Italian settlement expanded beyond these localities.〔 Approximately 100,000 immigrants from Northern Italy arrived between 1875 and 1910. As time went by, a uniquely southern Brazilian dialect emerged. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism. Talian was very much influenced not only by other Italian languages but by Portuguese, the national language of Brazil. However, because its grammar and lexicon remain predominantly Venetian, Talian is not considered a creole language, the preponderance of non-Venetian loanwords notwithstanding. It has been estimated that there have been 130 books published in Talian, including works of both poetry and prose. Like Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (''hunsriqueano riograndense''), the main German dialect spoken by southern Brazilians of German origin, Talian has suffered great deprecation since the 1940s. At that time, then-President Getúlio Vargas started a campaign of nationalization (similar to the Nacionalismo of neighboring Argentina) to try to force non-Portuguese speakers of Brazil to "better integrate" into the national mainstream culture. Speaking Talian or German in public, especially in education and press, was forbidden. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Talian dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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